ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has infected many people around the world. Children are considered an important target group for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can affect the respiratory tract. Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment in children. This review compares the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.
ABSTRACT
Background: Non-structural protein 4 [NSP4] is a critical protein for rotavirus [RV] replication and assembly. This protein has multiple domains and motifs that predispose its function and activity. NSP4 has a sequence divergence in human and animal RVs. Recently, 14 genotypes [E1-E14] of NSP4 have been identified, and E1 and E2 have been shown to be the most common genotypes in human
Methods: The gene and protein sequence of NSP4 in RV-positive samples were inspected with the aim of NSP4 genotyping and variation analysis in viroporin and other domains. P and G typings of RV samples were carried out by WHO primers using a semi-multiplex PCR method. Non-typeable RV samples were amplified by conserved primers and sequenced
Results: In viroporin and enterotoxin, conserved sequence was detected, and amino acids substitution with the same biochemical properties was found
Conclusion: Association of NSP4 genotype with P or G genotyping G1/G9 correlates with E1 genogroups. In electrophoretyping of RV, E2 genotype had a short pattern when compared to E1
ABSTRACT
Background: Group A rotavirus [RVA] mainly causes acute gastroenteritis, exclusively in young children in developing countries. The prevalence and determination of the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus genotypes will determine the dominant rotavirus genotypes in the region and will provide a strategy for the development of appropriate vaccines
Methods: A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from children below five years with acute gastroenteritis who referred to Aboozar Children's Hospital of Ahvaz city during October 2015 to March 2016. All samples were screened by latex agglutination for the presence of rotavirus antigen. Rotavirus-positive samples were further analyzed by the semi-multiplex RT-PCR, and the sequencing was performed for G/P genotyping
Results: Findings showed that 32% of the specimens were RVA-positive. Among the 32 VP7 genotyped strains, the predominant G genotype was G9 [37.5%], followed by G2 [21.9%], G1 [12.5%], G12 [9.4%], G4 [9.4%], G2G9 [6.3%], and G3 [3.1%]. Among the 31 VP4 genotyped strains, P[8] genotype was the dominant [62.5%], followed by P[4] [31.3%] and P[4] P[8] [3.1%]. The genotypes for G and P were identified for 31 rotaviruses [96.87%], but only one strain, G9, remained non-typeable for the P genotype. The most prevalent G/P combination was G9P[8] [28.5%], followed by G2P[4] [18.8%], G1P[8] [9.4%], G12P[8] [9.4%], G4P[8] [9.4%], G2G9P[4] [6.3%], G9P[4] P[8] [3.1%], G3P[8] [3.1%], G9P[4] [3.1%], G2P[8] [3.1%], and G9P[nontypeable] [3.1%]
Conclusion: A novel rotavirus strain, G12, was detected, for the first time, in patients from the southwest of Iran. Comprehensive investigations are required to evaluate the emergence of this strain